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economic sanctions
Economic sanctions are domestic penalties applied unilaterally by one country (or multilaterally, by a group of countries) on another country (or group of countries). Economic sanctions may include various forms of trade barriers and restrictions on financial transactions.〔 Haidar, J.I., 2015."(Sanctions and Exports Deflection: Evidence from Iran )," Paris School of Economics, University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne, Mimeo〕 Economic sanctions are not necessarily imposed because of economic circumstances — they may also be imposed for a variety of political and social issues. Economic sanctions can be used for achieving domestic political gain.〔()〕〔() 〕
==Politics of sanctions==
Economic sanctions are used as a tool of foreign policy by many governments. Economic sanctions are usually imposed by a larger country upon a smaller country for one of two reasons – either the latter is a threat to the security of the former nation or that country treats its citizens unfairly. They can be used as a coercive measure for achieving particular policy goals related to trade or for humanitarian violations. Economic sanctions are used as an alternative weapon instead of going to war to achieve desired outcomes.
Some policy analysts believe imposing trade restrictions only serves to hurt ordinary people.〔() 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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